Language Processing Activities, Fundamentals   of Language Processing & Language Specification, Language Processor Development Tools, Types of device Drivers

Software Tools for Program Development, Editors, Debug Monitors, Programming Environments, User Interfaces.

Basic Assembler functions - Elements of Assembly Language Programming, A Simple Assembly Scheme, A simple SIC assembler , Assembler algorithm and data structures , Machine dependent assembler features , Machine independent assembler features , Literals , Symbol-defining statements , Expressions, Pass Structure of Assemblers, One pass assemblers and Multi pass assemblers - Implementation example .

Macro definition and Call , Macro Definition and Expansion, Macro Processor, Algorithm and data structures , Machine-independent macro processor features , Nested Macro Calls, Advanced Macro Facilities, Design of a Macro Preprocessor., MASM Macro Processor – ANSI C Macro language. 

Phases of the Compiler, Aspects of compilation, Memory allocation, Compilation of expressions and   control structures, Introduction of Code optimization, Interpreters: Use and overview of interpreters, Pure and impure interpreters